EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES POLICY NEWSLETTER
October 30, 2020 | Lewis-Burke Associates LLC
A View from Washington
With the general election next week, the environmental policy implications of the presidential and congressional races have started to crystalize. The likely top issues are as follows:
Among the most pronounced policy differences between President Donald Trump and Vice President Joe Biden is their approach to the environment. Should President Trump win a second term, there would be continuation of the status quo, including support for research on Earth system predictability and meteorological services as well as ocean exploration and the Arctic. In addition, President Trump would likely continue his effort to shift environmental regulation from the Environmental Protection Agency to the states. Conversely, under a Biden Administration, climate change would be a top priority. A substantial climate-focused legislative package would be likely early in his term which may include establishing a new research agency, the Advanced Research Projects Agency for Climate (APRA-C), focused on accelerating clean energy, and other climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies. Other Biden Administration priorities are likely to include green infrastructure and addressing environmentally-induced health disparities. There would also likely be a renewed focus on strengthening environmental regulations and renewing a national commitment to multilateral climate action including re-joining the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Congressional races down the ticket, especially in the Senate will also greatly influence the extent to which the next president will be able to implement their agenda.
Leadership changes on House and Senate committees could dramatically shift environmental priorities and influence implementation of agendas. Many current committee chairs, ranking members, and other environmentally focused members are retiring, running for higher office, lost their primaries, or are at risk to lose their seats in the general election. This will create openings for new leadership and new priorities. For example, Rep. José Serrano (D-NY), the Chairman of the Appropriation’s Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies which funds NSF, NASA, and NOAA, is not seeking reelection. Rep. Serrano is a strong advocate for climate change research and funding for environmental restoration and resiliency.
The Agriculture Committees in both the House and Senate will see new Republican leadership with the retirements of House Agriculture Committee Ranking Member Mike Conaway (R-TX) and Senate Agriculture Committee Chairman Pat Roberts (R-KS). Their successors will help shape the 2023 Farm Bill which has many environmental implications including: climate change; biodiversity conservation, pollinators, and invasive species. Should Democrats take the Senate, Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI) is poised to become the Chairwoman of the Senate Agriculture Committee and is expected to continue her emphasis on climate change and agriculture—she co-sponsored the Growing Climate Solutions Act, introduced earlier this year.
Uncertainties over COVID-19 may impact the priority of environmental action. With COVID-19 cases and related socioeconomic impacts on a steep incline, the COVID-19 recovery package will likely be a congressional priority after the election. Fiscal conservatives’ concerns over the growing deficit may influence the size, scope, and timing of emergency relief as well as other anticipated legislative initiatives, including on infrastructure, energy, and climate change.
IN THIS ISSUE:
Congressional Updates
Agency and Administration Updates
Funding Opportunities
Congressional Updates
House Introduces Ocean Based Climate Solutions Bill
House Natural Resources Committee Chairman Raul Grijalva (D-AZ) introduced one of the largest environment and climate packages of the year this month focused entirely on oceans and coastal regions. The
Ocean Based Climate Solutions Act, H.R. 3682, contains many research provisions, most of which would be carried out through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The bill would support research on blue carbon, offshore energy, sustainable fisheries, resilient coasts, ocean health including harmful algal blooms and acidification, and wetlands. It also calls for several National Academies of Sciences studies including an assessment of the feasibility and necessity of an Advanced Research Projects Agency for Oceans (ARPA–O) which would support high-risk, high-reward projects to make leaps forward in the ocean and related climate sciences. Other provisions of the bill would call for preserving biodiversity by protecting 30 percent of the ocean by 2030, improving international coordination of oceanic activities, and ending offshore oil leases. This bill comes among a swell of climate-related bills being introduced in preparation for potential Democratic control over the federal government.
The bill currently has 17 co-sponsors including Rep. Kathy Castor (D-FL), Chairwoman of the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis, and Rep. Suzanne Bonamici, Chairwoman of the House Oceans Caucus and lead sponsor of many other ocean and coastal bills that were rolled into this package. While it has no chance of moving this Congress and there is not yet a companion bill in the Senate, it exemplifies Democratic priorities of key members should they take control of the Senate and/or the White House. This is also the first major comprehensive legislative package on oceans to be introduced this Congress as much of the momentum in the environmental space thus far has been around renewable energy and infrastructure modernization. Following the election, Democrats will likely work quickly to put together a comprehensive legislative climate package and this may serve as the basis for sections of such a bill.
Sources and Additional Information:
Legislators Promote Creation of National Disaster Safety Board
Legislation has been introduced in the House and is planned to be introduced in the Senate to create a new National Disaster Safety Board modeled on the National Transportation Safety Board. The House bill, H.R. 8569, is sponsored by Rep. Katie Porter (D-CA-45) and Rep. Garret Graves (R-LA-6). Senators Bill Cassidy (R-LA) and Brian Schatz (D-HI) have announced that they plan to introduce a Senate version titled
The Disaster Learning and Life Saving Act of 2020. As stated in Senator Cassidy’s press release, the National Disaster Safety Board would “create a new permanent and independent board to study the underlying causes of disaster related fatalities and property damage nationwide. The National Disaster Safety Board (NDSB) will make recommendations to all levels of government on how to improve the resiliency of communities across the country.” The Board would have a dedicated office to focus on disaster impacts to communities affected disproportionately, such as low-income communities, communities of color, and the elderly. Of note, the Board would not be a grant-making organization, yet the findings from the Board could help build the case for why other agencies should fund more research related to disasters.
The fact that the bill is bipartisan and is planned to be introduced in both the House and the Senate bodes well for it to gain traction next Congress, however it is not clear if there are additional co-sponsors. The bill is endorsed by former FEMA leaders and the Insurance Institute for Business and Home Safety, American Society of Civil Engineers, Enterprise Community Partners, the Natural Resources Defense Council, the Institute for Diversity and Inclusion in Emergency Management, the National Low Income Housing Coalition, and the Association of State Floodplain Managers.
Sources and Additional Information:
Agency and Administration Updates
President Trump Signs Executive Order, Establishes One Trillion Trees Initiative Council
On October 13, President Trump signed an Executive Order (EO) to establish the One Trillion Trees Initiative Council, an interagency group led by the Secretaries of Agriculture and Interior. The Council is tasked with “developing, coordinating, and promoting” U.S. work on tree growth and conservation in support of the One Trillion Trees Initiative. The EO also directs the Council to create a methodology to track efforts on the Initiative, identify “potential statutory and regulatory limitations” that would limit federal participation, and recommend actions that can remedy those limitations.
The One trillion Trees Initiative is a global program led by the World Economic Forum and the American Forests with the objective to grow, conserve, and restore one-trillion trees worldwide by 2030 to help fight climate change in support of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration 2021-2030. President Trump announced that the United States would join the initiative during his address to global business leaders at the World Economic Forum Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland in January of 2020.
Congressional Republicans have lauded the signing of this EO as evidence that the Trump Administration is serious about the environment by prioritizing forest conservation both in the United States and abroad. However, skeptics allege the order was signed as a pre-election push to show President Trump acting on environmental issues while he continues to deny climate change. The establishment of the One Trillion Trees Council provides additional momentum behind Rep. Bruce Westerman’s (R-AR) “Trillion Trees Act,” which supports the planting of one trillion trees globally by 2050 and incentivizes the use of wood products as carbon sequestration devices. Should Vice President Biden win in November, his administration would pursue a much more ambitious climate change package including a significant emphasis on scientific research, technology, and innovation.
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Trump Signs Executive Order Calling for Better Coordination of Federal Water Policy
On October 13, President Trump signed an Executive Order (EO) on Modernizing America’s Water Resource Management and Water Infrastructure. The main provisions of the EO create an Interagency Water Subcabinet to promote coordination across water related policies and programs. The Cabinet would be chaired by the Secretary of the Interior and the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and have representation from the Department of Agriculture, Department of Energy, the Department of Defense, and any other relevant agencies as determined by the chairs. The Water Subcabinet will be responsible for submitting a report to the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ), Office of Management and Budget (OMB), and Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) addressing recommendations for specified agencies to tackle several water-related priorities including water quality, coordination of governmental entities, improved water systems, and water data management. The overarching goal of the EO is to improve coordination for reduced duplication and improved methods for water management, forecasting, and long-term planning in addition to focusing on integrated water infrastructure and supporting the water sector workforce.
The Executive Order is the second environmental action that the President has taken this month, indicating that he may be looking for last minute talking points as he appeals to moderates in swing states. Water infrastructure and management has also been a bipartisan area of interest this year as the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee passed Chairman John Barrasso’s (R-WY)
Water Resources Development Act in late July. If there is a change in the White House or Senate control, water and other aspects of “green” infrastructure will likely stay on the list of priorities because of its potential to act as an economic stimulus, but it will likely be much larger in scope and integrate a mission of tackling climate change.
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DOE Reopens Arctic Energy Office
In September 2020, the Department of Energy (DOE) announced the re-establishment of the Arctic Energy Office (AEO). The AEO reflects the growing priority of the Arctic for geopolitical, national security, and energy research concerns. The office ultimately opens a new frontier for ensuring U.S. competitiveness in nuclear infrastructure, renewable deployment, and climate research in the region. The AEO is a cross-cutting agency mechanism to support energy resources and innovation to a sparse, yet geographically enormous region that maintains a widespread reliance on fossil fuels of various types, a burgeoning renewable energy presence, and soaring energy costs despite the abundance of oil, natural gas, and coal exports.
Originally established in 2001 under the Bush administration, the AEO failed due to insufficient funding and a lack of political support. Sen. Lisa Murkowski (R-AK), Chairman of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, catalyzed the re-establishment of AEO in the 2020 Energy and Water Appropriations Bill. Specifically, the stated focus of the office is to “drive coordination and collaboration” of key DOE activities in international cooperation, research on existing natural gas and fossil fuel supplies, and development of advanced micro-grids and nuclear power systems that enable and support energy, science, and national security in the Arctic. The AEO reboot comes amid increased international attention and engagement in the Arctic region. For example, Russia recently deployed a seaborne nuclear power plant in the region, demonstrating its intentions to advance its own Arctic presence. The AEO will be located on the University of Alaska, Fairbanks campus as it begins to coordinate activities.
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National Science Foundation Hosts Environmental and Geosciences Advisory Committees
In October, the National Science Foundation (NSF) hosted the advisory committees for the Geosciences and Environmental Research and Education directorates. These meetings were the first opportunity for these external advisory committees to meet with the new NSF director, Dr. Sethuraman “Panch” Panchanathan, who started in the role in June. Director Panch presented his vision for NSF to strengthen at speed and scale. The three pillars of his vision are advancing research into the future,
ensuring inclusivity, and continuing global leadership in science and engineering. Partnerships and translation of research are of tremendous interest to Panch, the environmental and geoscience communities, and beyond. Additionally, he notes resilience as an area of importance to advance the frontiers of science.
Additionally, NSF announced that Dr. Steven L. Goldstein will be the new Division Director of Earth Sciences as of November 9, 2020. He comes to NSF from the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory as a rotator who will be in the role for a few years before returning to his home institution. Others are also coming towards the end of their stints in leadership at NSF, Geoscience Directorate Assistant Director Bill Easterling is in the middle of his final year before returning to Penn State and Terry Quinn, Division Director for Ocean Sciences, is in the third year of his rotation from the University of Texas at Austin.
The GEO AC was highly concerned about COVID-19 impacts, particularly on graduate students, post-docs, and scientific staff. NSF officials strongly recommended that those funded by NSF reach out to their program officers to discuss and flexibilities or funding needs due to COVID-19. Additionally, leaders of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine study on
Advancing a Systems Approach to Studying the Earth at NSF briefed the committee. This study is moving at an accelerated pace and is anticipated to be released in June or July next year. The advisory committee is working on a report on 21st Century Geosciences which has components pertaining to the importance of interdisciplinary geoscience research, limitations to research given lack of diversity, and the need for a review of Geosciences Directorate structures and procedures.
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NASA Solicits Input on Landsat Next Mission Science Requirements, Instrumentation, and Architecture
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) released a request for information (RFI) regarding development of the “Landsat Next” mission concept. The Landsat program provides the longest continuous record of images of the Earth’s surface, which provides researchers and stakeholders the ability to analyze changes to Earth’s landscapes. The RFI solicits input on a future Landsat mission to continue space-based land imaging beyond Landsat 9, which is under development and anticipated to begin operations in 2021. The responses generated through this RFI will inform planning for future Landsat missions. As such, Lewis-Burke encourages researchers who use Landsat data or who could potentially develop instrumentation to consider responding to this RFI.
Specifically, NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), which operates the Landsat spacecrafts, are seeking feedback from the external community on:
- “the suitability of the Landsat Next [Science Mission Requirements Document] for user applications; and
- potential instrumentation approaches that best address these science requirements while minimizing system cost and risk; and
- mission architecture approaches (flight and ground segments), including those that may differ in part or in whole from the current concepts.”
NASA and USGS are mainly considering either a traditional single-platform or constellation architecture for the Landsat Next mission, however, the RFI welcomes alternative ideas for the mission architecture or other aspects of the mission concept. Of note to organizations that could provide such services, the Landsat Next operations concept mentions that ground operations and station networks could use commercial services.
All responses should be submitted electronically via email to
gsfc-landsatnext-rfi2020a@lists.hq.nasa.gov no later than
November 13 at 6:00 PM EST.
Sources and Additional Information:
Information from USGS on the Landsat Program can be found at
https://landsat.gsfc.nasa.gov/.
Funding Opportunities
Funding Opportunity: EPA Solicits Proposals for Research on Pollutants in Biosolids
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development has issued a nearly $6 million request for applications (RFA) on evaluation of pollutants in biosolids as part of its National Priorities program. National Priorities is a congressionally directed program, independent of the Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program, that supports water quality and water availability. Unlike STAR, National Priorities requires a 25 percent cost share. Preference is generally given to proposals that have a national scope, and multi-institutional collaboration is highly encouraged.
EPA issued this RFA with the intention of addressing gaps in the agency’s understanding of the presence of, and risk associated with, chemical pollutants found in the biosolids produced through wastewater treatment. EPA is especially concerned about the potential hazards posed by biosolids that are deposited in soils or local ecosystems. This issue is becoming increasingly salient given the growing national interest in water reuse and recovery.
EPA expects researchers supported under this RFA to generate outputs that will enable state and municipal authorities, as well as utilities, to more capably assess the risks posed by chemical pollutants in biosolids and develop tools for determining acceptable pollutant concentration levels. To that end, proposals should address water treatment at small, medium, and large scales, and focus on the following topics:
- Fate and transport of chemical pollutants in biosolids, as well as their land applications;
- Impact assessment of different treatment approaches to chemical pollutant levels in biosolids with land applications (Class A) and those with contamination levels that restrict their immediate application (Class B); and
- Development of cost-effective methods for measuring and managing the levels of chemical pollutants in biosolids.
Award Size: EPA intends to provide $5.992 million for a total of four cooperative agreements under this RFA, each funded at up to $1.498 million. Performance periods will not exceed three years.
Cost Share: The National Priorities program requires a 25 percent non-federal match of the federal funds provided in the form of cash or in-kind contributions. At a minimum, this cost share must equal 20 percent of the total project cost.
Eligibility: This solicitation is open to institutions of higher education and non-profit organizations. Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) may not apply. FFRDC employees can participate in “planning, conducting, and analyzing the research directed by the applicant, but may not direct projects on behalf of the applicant organization.” For-profit entities are ineligible to apply.
Important Dates:
- An informational webinar was held on October 27, 2020.
- Applications are due January 5, 2021.
Sources and Additional Information:
Funding Opportunity: EPA Releases STAR Solicitation on Wildfire Interventions and Communication Strategies
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air and Energy program within the Office of Research and Development issued a $7.2 million request for applications (RFA) as part of its Science to Achieve Results grants program, EPA’s primary mechanism for funding extramural research. Through this RFA, EPA seeks to support the development of more effective interventions and communications strategies to reduce health risks associated with exposure to wildfire smoke. In addition to regular awards, EPA will issue early career awards under this RFA.
EPA is issuing this RFA in recognition of the fact that the severity and frequency of wildfires in the western U.S.—and thus the number of affected individuals—have been steadily increasing for decades. The risk to human health and wellbeing is only expected to intensify as the wildland urban interface expands and the number of at-risk individuals grows.
EPA views novel intervention methods and risk communication as vital tools in addressing the growing public health hazard posed by wildfires. Specifically, the agency will prioritize proposals that assess the effectiveness of individual and community-led interventions as well as various air purifying technologies. Emphasis is placed on the social, behavioral, cultural, economic, and regional or geographic factors that may impact the adoption of such strategies and technologies. In addition, the RFA explicitly calls for proposals that develop and assess health risk communication strategies, with special attention to reaching at-risk or isolated populations. EPA expects that research funded under this RFA will result in reports, presentations, and journal publications containing materials that are readily deployable in an operational environment.
Award Size: EPA intends to provide $7.2 million for a total of nine awards, including five regular awards at $1 million each and four early career awards at $550,000 each. Performance periods will not exceed three years.
Eligibility: This solicitation is open to institutions of higher education and non-profit organizations, including hospitals. Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) may not apply, though FFRDC employees are able to participate in “planning, conducting, and analyzing the research directed by the applicant, but may not direct projects on behalf of the applicant organization.” For-profit entities are ineligible to apply. Criteria for researchers interested in competing for early career awards is specified in the RFA.
Important Dates: Applications are due
December 15, 2020.
Sources and Additional Information:
Funding Opportunity: EPA Releases STAR Solicitation on Identifying Pathogens in Wastewater for Human Health
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Office of Research and Development (ORD) recently issued a $6.2 million request for applications (RFA) as part of its Science to Achieve Results (STAR) grants program, EPA’s primary mechanism for funding extramural research. Through this RFA, EPA seeks to support advancing understanding of human health risks from pathogens in reclaimed wastewater usage.
EPA is issuing this RFA in recognition of the high volume of municipal wastewater produced each day, and the need for safe and reliable water supplies for human consumption or use in industries such as agriculture and recreation. Reliable wastewater continues to be a technical and economic challenge due to the potential variety of contaminants present. Renewed understanding of wastewater systems and the subsequent impact on human health would ultimately enhance the sustainability and effective use of water resources.
EPA intends to use findings from this RFA for “fit-for-purpose” specifications related to multiple applications of recycled water and enhance treatment performance to help promote water reuse opportunities. Specifically, the agency will prioritize proposals that are able to identify, characterize, and validate viral surrogates that lead to better information on the quality and quantity of
water available for reuse. The RFA is broken down into two key research areas: Viral Surrogates for Assessing Treatment Performance, and Identifying Quantitative Reductions of Viral Pathogens and Surrogates across Unit Treatment Processes and Full Treatment Trains for Water Reuse Applications. EPA expects that research funded under this RFA will bring translational impacts to real-world water reuse treatment systems.
Award Size: EPA intends to provide $6.2 million for a total of five awards, including up to a total of $1,240,000 per award. Performance periods will not exceed three years.
Eligibility: This solicitation is open to institutions of higher education and non-profit organizations, including hospitals. Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) may not apply, though FFRDC employees are able to participate in “planning, conducting, and analyzing the research directed by the applicant, but may not direct projects on behalf of the applicant organization.” For-profit entities are ineligible to apply.
Important Dates: Applications are due
January 6, 2021 at
11:59 PM ET.
Sources and Additional Information:
Agency Update: DOE Highlights Future Research and Funding Opportunities for Biological and Environmental Research
The Biological and Environmental Research Committee (BERAC), which guides the research priorities and investments of the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Biological and Environmental Research (BER) met on October 22-23. BER is one of the six program offices within DOE’s Office of Science, and funds basic research in biology and earth and environmental systems with an eye toward advancing national energy and infrastructure security.
Discussing during the meeting focused on both new and upcoming funding opportunities as well as new and emerging priorities for BER. For researchers interested in pursuing BER funding now, the following solicitations are open:
- Atmospheric System Research: On October 21, BER released a $15 million atmospheric system research funding opportunity. Applications are open to universities, industry, federal agencies, and nonprofit research institutions, although in the past research universities are primarily funded. Research will mainly focus on interactions between clouds and aerosols, atmospheric processes in the Artic, and studies of the warm boundary layer, or the layer of atmosphere closest to ground-level. Funding is to be awarded competitively, on the basis of peer review, and is expected to be in the form of three-year grants with total award amounts ranging from $200,000 to $850,000. The rate of success is approximately 36 percent. In FY 2020, of 87 proposals submitted, 31 were funded.
- Early Career Research Program: On October 20, the Office of Science released a $100 million fiscal year (FY 2021) solicitation to support early career researchers in science disciplines across all six programs within the Office of Science, including biological, earth, and environmental sciences. This is an annual solicitation and the topics change each year. In FY 2021, DOE plans to make 65 awards, with 45 research university awards and 20 for national laboratories. To be eligible for an award, a researcher must be an untenured, tenure-track assistant or associate professor at a U.S. academic institution and must have received a Ph.D. within the last 10 years. University-based researchers typically receive about $150,000 per year to cover summer salary and research expenses over 5 years. In FY 2021, the priority topic area for biological sciences is “systems biology research to advance sustainable bioenergy crop development.” For earth and environmental sciences, the priority topic area is “aerosol-cloud processes.” Pre-applications are due November 20 and full applications are due February 16, 2021.
- Open Funding Call: On October 1, the Office of Science released a $250 million FY 2021 Continuation of Solicitation for the Office of Science Financial Assistance Program. This is the Office of Science’s annual, open solicitation that funds grant applications throughout the fiscal year in all Office of Science research areas, including biological, earth, and environmental sciences. A pre-application is strongly encouraged and Lewis-Burke recommends contacting the designated program manager in advance to explore research opportunities.
- Office of Science Graduate Student Research Program: This solicitation is also open to all of Office of Science programs, and includes biology, earth and environmental sciences topic areas. Applications are due November 12 for the second 2020 round. The program provides a $3,000 monthly stipend to support graduate students’ theses at a DOE lab. In the first 2020 round, DOE selected 52 graduate students to participate in the program.
BER is also planning to issue funding opportunities in systems biology for bioenergy; bioimaging research; Earth system modeling; and Earth systems science. Lewis-Burke would be able to provide additional detail about these upcoming opportunities if requested. More broadly, BER officials outlined their intent to prioritize research areas including secure biosystems design research; bioimaging, measurement, and characterization using quantum information science materials; and translation of biodesign rules to functional properties of novel biological polymers or programmable design of novel biomaterials. In addition, BER will continue to invest in the Bioenergy Research Centers, its core research programs, and its major user facilities such as the Joint Genome Institute and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement facility.
Finally, the DOE Office of Science continues to make efforts to accommodate researchers whose work has been disrupted by COVID-19. On September 24, the Director of the Office of Science, Dr. Chris Fall, released a memo to Office of Science applicants and awardees to provide an update on the administration of grants and other awards during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Office of Science continues to be “committed to maximum flexibility in administering awards, recognizing potential delays in research caused by impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.” Principal investigators will not be penalized for missed milestones and program managers are available to discuss impacts. The Office of Science is also committed to making new awards and conducting merit reviews.
In November, the Office of Science plans to distribute a voluntary survey to all Principal Investigators of current financial assistance research awards, including awardees at academic institutions, to better understand the impacts to research related to COVID-19. Questions will focus on understanding the impacts to research progress, particularly the sources of research impacts, and impacts to award personnel (primarily graduate students and postdocs). Principal Investigators will also be asked to summarize and estimate impacts associated with subawards/subcontracts on the primary award. Principal Investigators should receive a notification by email through the Portfolio Analysis and Management System (PAMS), and the Oak Ridge Institution for Science and Education (ORISE) will be conducting the survey on behalf of the Office of Science. The survey will be open for two to three weeks. All responses will be anonymous and information will be provided to the Office of Science in aggregate form.
Sources and Additional Information:
